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Q: My doctor told me that I have high blood pressure and need to cut back on my salt intake. Why is that important, and how can I cut back easily?

Don't despair. A low-salt diet is not nearly as bad as you might imagine. There are more tasty, low-salt and salt-free products than ever before, and plenty of cookbooks to help. But first, it's important to understand the facts. Sodium is a mineral that occurs naturally in foods and is essential to health. It helps maintain the proper balance of water in the body, regulates blood pressure, transmits nerve impulses and maintains normal muscle activity. Too much sodium holds water in your body, putting extra strain on your heart and blood vessels. Your kidneys also have to work harder to filter the salt out of your blood. That's why doctors prescribe low-salt diets for high blood pressure, some types of heart and kidney disease, and diabetes.

Merck & Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, N.J., U.S.A., which operates as Merck, Sharp & Dohme (MSD) in countries outside the U.S., announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved JANUVIA(TM) (sitagliptin phosphate), the first and only DPP-4 inhibitor available in the United States for the treatment of type 2 diabetes. JANUVIA has been approved as monotherapy and as add-on therapy to either of two other types of oral diabetes medications, metformin or thiazolidinediones (TZDs), to improve blood sugar (glucose) control in patients with type 2 diabetes when diet and exercise is not enough. The recommended dose of JANUVIA is 100 mg once daily. JANUVIA should not be used in patients with type 1 diabetes or for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, as it would not be effective in these settings.

NEW YORK (Reuters Health) - Combining resistance training, such as weight lifting, with aerobic workouts appears to be the most beneficial for type for long-term control of blood sugar control than either form of exercise alone, New Zealand researchers report. However, the outcomes according to type of exercise weren't very significant.

The effects of exercise on blood sugar were small, Drs. Neil J. Snowling and Will G. Hopkins of the Auckland University of Technology note, and were similar to those achieved with medication and diet changes. This suggests that putting all three together could have a more substantial effect.

Exercise is a mainstay of therapy for type 2 diabetes, Snowling and Hopkins note, given that physical inactivity increases diabetes risk. To determine which types of exercise might be most helpful in controlling blood sugar, they analyzed 27 studies including 1,003 patients to determine the effects of different types of exercise on hemoglobin A1C, a measure of how well a person's blood sugar is controlled long-term.